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The Concept of Emotion in Classical Indian Philosophy
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Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
[Revised entry by Joerg Tuske on October 30, 2025.
Changes to: Main text, Bibliography]
In Indian literature, emotions are discussed in several different contexts (Bilimoria and Wenta 2015b; Torella 2015): first, within aesthetics (rasa). The word rasa can mean juice, sap, essence, condiment or ev
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China Briefing 30 October 2025: 15th ‘five-year plan’ priorities; 2035 wind goal; ‘Vehicle-to-grid’
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Carbon Brief
Welcome to Carbon Brief’s China Briefing. China Briefing handpicks and explains the most important climate...
The post China Briefing 30 October 2025: 15th ‘five-year plan’ priorities; 2035 wind goal; ‘Vehicle-to-grid’ tech appeared first on Carbon Brief.
The promise of katoite
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Mapping Ignorance
Picture this: Your home’s walls don’t just keep out the rain—they soak up warmth from the sun during the day, slowly release it to keep you cosy at night, and even convert some of that heat into a trickle of electricity to power your lights or charge your phone. This isn’t science fiction; it’s the
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Q&A: How ‘vehicle-to-grid’ technology could boost China’s electricity system
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Carbon Brief
China’s surging electric vehicles (EVs) ownership – now exceeding 25.5m – is opening the door...
The post Q&A: How ‘vehicle-to-grid’ technology could boost China’s electricity system appeared first on Carbon Brief.
Q&A: The role of soil health in food security and tackling climate change
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Carbon Brief
Feeding the 8.2 billion people who inhabit the planet depends on healthy soils. Yet, soil...
The post Q&A: The role of soil health in food security and tackling climate change appeared first on Carbon Brief.
Animal origami: The physics of nature’s folds
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Mapping Ignorance
Author: Rohini Subrahmanyam is a PhD biologist turned science journalist. Insects that tuck away wings; a protist with an accordion-like neck — studying these clever creases may inspire foldable structures for drones As the microscopic, tear-shaped Lacrymaria olor swims around hunting for food, it
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UN report: Five charts which explain the ‘gap’ in finance for climate adaptation
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Carbon Brief
Developing countries are receiving just a fraction of the international finance they need to prepare...
The post UN report: Five charts which explain the ‘gap’ in finance for climate adaptation appeared first on Carbon Brief.
Translating and Interpreting Chinese Philosophy
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Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
[Revised entry by Chad Hansen, David Wong, and Henry Rosemont Jr. on October 28, 2025.
Changes to: Main text, Bibliography]
A correct translation of a philosophical text should reflect the original's meaning. Interpretations are theories of meaning, so translation and interpretation intertwine. Ph
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Backward Causation
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Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
[Revised entry by Jan Faye on October 28, 2025.
Changes to: Main text, Bibliography]
Sometimes also called retro-causation. A common feature of our world seems to be that in all cases of causation, the cause and the effect are placed in time so that the cause precedes its effect temporally. Our no
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Bubble wrap and non-destructive testing
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Mapping Ignorance
Non-destructive testing allows engineers to evaluate the integrity of structures such as pipelines, tanks, bridges, and machinery without dismantling them. Conventional approaches rely on loudspeakers, lasers, or electric sparks. While effective, these systems can be difficult or dangerous to use in
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Alberic of Paris
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Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
[New Entry by Heine Hansen and Boaz Faraday Schuman on October 28, 2025.]
Alberic of Paris, also known as Alberic de Monte, was, according to his contemporaries, one of the most prominent philosophers in Paris in the twelfth century, a period in which the Latin-speaking West saw a marked revitaliza
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Parenthood and Procreation
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Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
[Revised entry by Elizabeth Brake and Joseph Millum on October 27, 2025.
Changes to: Main text, Bibliography]
The ethics of parenthood and procreation apply not only to daily acts of decision-making by parents and prospective procreators, but also to law, public policy, and medicine. Two recent so
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Dinosaur ‘mummies’
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Mapping Ignorance
Author: Paul C. Sereno, Professor of Paleontology, University of Chicago A mummy of a juvenile duck-billed dinosaur, Edmontosaurus annectens, preserved as a dried carcass. Tyler Keillor/Fossil Lab Dinosaur “mummies” couldn’t have been further from my mind as I trudged up a grassy knoll on the Zerbst
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DeBriefed 24 October 2025: EU 2040 climate goal progress; Shipping industry carbon price delayed; E
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Carbon Brief
Welcome to Carbon Brief’s DeBriefed. An essential guide to the week’s key developments relating to climate...
The post DeBriefed 24 October 2025: EU 2040 climate goal progress; Shipping industry carbon price delayed; Europe’s indigenous people take Finland to court appeared first on Carbon Brief.
Unio
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Zoologyverse
Unio: Classification, Habitat, Morphology, Ecology, and Identification Unio is a genus of medium-sized, freshwater mussels belonging to the family Unionidae, commonly known as river mussels. These bivalve mollusks are widely distributed across Europe, Africa, and the Middle East, with some species i
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Mytilus
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Zoologyverse
Mytilus: Classification, Habitat, Anatomy, Ecology, and Identification The genus Mytilus encompasses medium to large saltwater mussels, renowned bivalve mollusks of the family Mytilidae and key ecological engineers of temperate marine coasts. These mussels are notable for forming dense beds along ro
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Limax
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Zoologyverse
Limax: Classification, Habitat, Anatomy, Ecology, and Identification Limax is a genus of large, air-breathing terrestrial slugs in the family Limacidae, best known for its most prominent species, Limax maximus, commonly called the leopard slug or great grey slug. Unlike most land mollusks, Limax spe
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Wikipedia as a cultural lens for mapping 17th-century
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Mapping Ignorance
If you’ve ever fallen down a Wikipedia rabbit hole—clicking link after link until you’re far from where you started—you’ve explored a network, much like physicists map connections in systems like the internet or ecosystems. Each Wikipedia article is a dot, each hyperlink a line connecting ideas. T
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Resource use matters, but material footprints are a poor way to measure it
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Our World In Data
Adding up the weight of very different materials doesn’t tell us about their scarcity, environmental, or socioeconomic impacts.
Mapgen4's use of WebGL2
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Red Blob Games
Helix (Garden snail)
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Zoologyverse
Helix: Classification, Habitat, Anatomy, Ecology, and Identification The genus Helix comprises large, air-breathing land snails native to the western Palaearctic region. Members of this genus are best known for their relatively large, globular to conical shells and their considerable ecological and
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Planorbis (ram’s horn snails)
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Zoologyverse
Planorbis: Classification, Ecology, Identification, and Importance Planorbis is a genus of air-breathing freshwater snails in the family Planorbidae, commonly called ram’s horn snails for their flat, disk-like shells that coil in a single plane. Species in this genus are hallmark residents of ponds,
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Bear Cam Fan Art 2025 Contest Winners
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explore.org
We received incredible submissions for this year’s 2025 Fan Art Contest, and it was nearly impossible to choose just a few to feature. Below are some standout pieces selected by Explore staff that best reflect the contest’s three categories: Wildlife, Public Lands/Water, and Habitat. You can still v
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Does the news reflect what we die from?
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Our World In Data
What do Americans die from, and what do the New York Times, Washington Post, and Fox News report on?
Mapgen4 river shader
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Red Blob Games
Mapgen4 renderer
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Red Blob Games
Foreign aid from the United States saved millions of lives each year
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Our World In Data
For decades, these aid programs received bipartisan support and made a difference. Cutting them will cost lives.
Harnessing ChatGPT hallucinations
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Red Blob Games
How Wolbachia bacteria could help us tackle some of the world’s most neglected tropical diseases
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Our World In Data
A common bacterium can dramatically reduce the spread of dengue fever and other tropical diseases.
Gauss–Seidel visually explained
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Words and Buttons Online
An interactive demo of the Gauss-Seidel method for solving linear equation systems. When and why does it work? And why, when you flip the equations, it suddenly stop working? You can now play and see.
Hannah Ritchie’s new book on tackling climate change is out now
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Our World In Data
“Clearing the Air” is available now.
Fat Bear Campaign Poster Winners 2025
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explore.org
We’re thrilled to announce the top 20 winners of the 2025 Fat Bear Campaign Poster Contest! This year brought in more submissions than ever before, and the creativity, humor, and artistry of every entry blew us away. Thank you to everyone who participated and shared their vision for celebrating the
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Private Status and Opting Out
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Project Euler
Members have always had the option of making their accounts private, which means they will not appear in any public ranked tables, including the fastest solver tables. However, we have now provided an option which allows members to maintain public status, but opt out of individual fastest solver tab
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Let's write a search engine, part 2 of 2
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Red Blob Games
MathJax Changes
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Project Euler
The guide to formatting posts has always asked members to use single dollar for inline TeX content and double dollar for block level, but some alternatives were previously supported. For example, it was possible to use \[ and \] delimiters for block level and you were able to add TeX to the page dir
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Nuclear Reactor Consumer Labels
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What is Nuclear?
We should collect and display reactor data in 'Nutrition Facts' format to improve accuracy, standardization, and clarity
BBCode Update 2025
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Project Euler
Over the years the BBCode module used in the problem threads has continued to be modified and have additional tags added. So, to ensure a more streamlined performance, the entire module has been rewritten. Every attempt has been made to support both recent and legacy posts and I have tried my best t
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Perseid Meteor Shower – August 2025
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Dark Site Finder
Quick Facts The Perseids are one of the most beloved annual astronomical events. In absolute meteor numbers, they come in 2nd place. But the time of year is what gives […]
Delta Aquariid Meteor Shower – July 2025
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Dark Site Finder
Quick Facts The beginning of summer is marked by an absence of meteor showers. But finally, more than 2.5 months after the last one, the Delta Aquariids break the lull. […]
Peak Ages of Productivity for Authors, Painters, Musicians & Scientists
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Information is Beautiful
Using number of books, paintings, albums and papers released by practitioners at each age. Interesting research from Miller (1999) and Kanazawa (2003)
Why learn about the golden-section search
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Words and Buttons Online
An interactive demo of bisection search and golden ratio search algorithms. There is also a motivation to learn them both. Spoiler alert! One converges better, and the other has a better computational cost.
About the Neutronics Scoping Tool
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What is Nuclear?
A description of the capabilities and math behind the neutronics scoping tool.
Rickover’s Memo as a Dunning-Kruger Curve
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What is Nuclear?
The Rickover memo can be depicted as a Dunning-Kruger effect
Information is Beautiful LIVE: London 30th June
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Information is Beautiful
Still a chance to join us for a dazzlingly different night out in London on Monday 30th June with Information is Beautiful founder, David McCandless. Using the data, graphics and stories at the heart of IIB, David will take audiences on a data-driven tour of the universe, sharing the funniest, most
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Information is Beautiful Awards: Winners!
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Information is Beautiful
We’re thrilled to unveil the winners of this year’s Information is Beautiful Awards. Chosen by a panel of expert judges from nearly 1,000 entries, these visualisations and infographic works stand out for their mastery of beauty, storytelling, impact and innovation. Many thanks to the Data Visualizat
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Making Data into Art – a microfilm with David McCandless
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Information is Beautiful
Here’s a short video we made with Microsoft a few years back, starring Information is Beautiful founder, David McCandless. He shares his process and passion for creating beautiful, useful, insightful, dare we say – delightful graphics. » watch the clip Learn more about our process & work & beautiful
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Common Mythconceptions – World’s Most Contagious Falsehoods
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Information is Beautiful
We’ve updated our charticle debunking the world’s most contagious and enduring falsehoods, myths and misperceptions. » See the interactive » All the data and sources
Summer Break
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Project Euler
The last problem of this academic year will be published on Saturday Aug 02 at 16:00 (UTC). The first problem of the new academic year will be published on Saturday August 30 at 19:00 (UTC).(Friday 06 June 2025: Summer Break)
A Sisterly Bond
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explore.org
By Mike Fitz Mother bears experience extraordinary energetic demands to feed their ravenous cubs. Bear families navigate a gauntlet of threats to remain safe. Cubs experience a short apprenticeship with their mothers, and they must absorb her lessons if they are to survive life as independent bears.
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Regulatory Reforms the Nuclear Industry wants
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What is Nuclear?
I surveyed lots of people in the nuclear industry and made a list of reforms that most people agreed on
The story of the TOPAZ-II space reactors
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What is Nuclear?
In the early 90s, the US bought 6 exotic TOPAZ-II space reactors from the USSR. Many interesting things happened next.
Explore.org’s Earth Day Spectacular
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explore.org
Earth Day is an annual celebration that drives environmental awareness and action. How can we support the planet and its incredible wildlife in our everyday lives? Join us tomorrow, April 22nd at 1 p.m. ET / 10 a.m. PT for a special Earth Day livestream hosted by resident naturalist Mike Fitz and Al
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Eta Aquariid Meteor Shower – May 2025
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Dark Site Finder
Quick Facts If you live in the Southern Hemisphere you may feel left out because most meteor showers are more favorably placed for northerners. But the Eta Aquariids are for […]
Lyrid Meteor Shower – April 2025
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Dark Site Finder
Preview in new tab Quick Facts After a drought of more than 3.5 months, the second meteor shower of the year is finally here. Nights have gotten shorter, but not […]
March 2025 Lunar Eclipse
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Dark Site Finder
A full moon and a dark sky are normally enemies of each other. But seeing them both side by side is amazing.
Award Updates
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Project Euler
New awards have been added along with a number of visual tweaks to sections of the Progress pages to support them. Some of them should be obvious, but others might appear a little mysterious.
Three Strikes!: Get the diagonals in any three grids
Perfect Game: Get the diagonals in all possible grids
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Moon
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Moon – Bartosz Ciechanowski
In the vastness of empty space surrounding Earth, the Moon is our closest celestial neighbor.
Its face, periodically filled with light and devoured by darkness, has an ever-changing, but dependable presence in our skies.
In this article, we’ll learn about the Moon and its path around our planet, but
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The 21st EBP meeting and a LIFE EBP Reinforcement workshop bring together 36 participants from 18 co
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Euro Bird Portal
One of the objectives of the LIFE EBP Reinforcement project
is to increase the quantity and quality of bird observations from SE Europe,
therefore, we took this opportunity to set up a regular EBP meeting in the core
area, in Podgorica, Montenegro. The meeting lasted for three days, from 28 till
30
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Fat Bear Week Campaign Poster Winners: 2024
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explore.org
Introducing the top-voted posters of 2024! Vote for 128 Grazer! Round and fluff, can’t get enough!! by Top Bear Fan 2. Team Grazer!! by Tara Larson 3. Big Belly, Big Fun! Bead’s the cub for everyone!! by Nick Bear 4. Vote 32 Chunk for FBW, by Erica Measday 5. The Brother Bear want you to
The EBP viewer will not be updated for some time due to major ongoing changes in the system
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Euro Bird Portal
Over the next few months, we will be making major changes to
the EBP central database and automated data flow infrastructure. Unfortunately, this work will temporarily interrupt the
regular updating of the maps and graphics displayed in the EBP viewer, however,
it is entirely necessary to improve an
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A smooth and sharp image interpolation you probably haven't heard of
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Words and Buttons Online
An image interpolation that gives us a continuous and smooth image, where every interpolated value only depends on the four neighboring pixel values. The image becomes smooth, but sharp features remain sharp.
The Real C++ Killers (Not You, Rust)
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Words and Buttons Online
All the “C++ killers”, even these which I wholeheartedly love and respect like Rust, Julia, and D, help you write more features with fewer bugs, but they don't much help when you need to squeeze the very last FLOPS from the hardware you rent. As such, they don’t have a competitive advantage over C++
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Rational interpolation
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Words and Buttons Online
Rational interpolation is a step forward from polynomial interpolation towards rational splines. With rational interpolation, you can build functions that run through a set of points and also have vertical asymptotes whenever you want. With this capability, you can now model functions like logarithm
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Airfoil
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Moon – Bartosz Ciechanowski
The dream of soaring in the sky like a bird has captivated the human mind for ages. Although many failed, some eventually succeeded in achieving that goal. These days we take air transportation for granted, but the physics of flight can still be puzzling.
In this article we’ll investigate what makes
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A Gentle Introduction to Graph Neural Networks
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Distill
What components are needed for building learning algorithms that leverage the structure and properties of graphs?
Understanding Convolutions on Graphs
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Distill
Understanding the building blocks and design choices of graph neural networks.
Distill Hiatus
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Distill
After five years, Distill will be taking a break.
Adversarial Reprogramming of Neural Cellular Automata
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Distill
Reprogramming Neural CA to exhibit novel behaviour, using adversarial attacks.
Weight Banding
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Distill
Weights in the final layer of common visual models appear as horizontal bands. We investigate how and why.
Celebrating World Migratory Bird Day 2019
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Euro Bird Portal
Today is World Migratory Bird Day 2019! A perfect moment to to have a look at the migration patterns of 105 different bird species or follow Swallows, Cuckoos or your favourite bird as they undertake their amazing journeys through Europe at the LIVE EBP viewer. This year, the emphasis for World Mig
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EURING and EBP have signed an agreement of collaboration
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Euro Bird Portal
Today, in the framework of BirdNumbers2019, EURING and EBP have signed an agreement to promote co-operation in areas of common interest. EURING co-ordinates bird ringing throughout Europe in order to study bird migration, movements and population dynamics at a European scale. Ringing and recovery da
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Second Birthday
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Megaprocessor
Machine is now 2 and still running !
Guiness world record.
Recommissioning goes well
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Megaprocessor
We've moved the machine. It's up and running, The end is nigh !
The Megaprocessor is moving to a museum.
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Megaprocessor
The Megaprocessor will be moving to the "Centre for Computing History" in a few weeks time.
Open Days, reliability, ....
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Megaprocessor
Next open day is 10 Sep.
Starting to get a feel for reliability
Looking at web traffic
Megaprocessor now on YouTube
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Megaprocessor
Several people have remarked that the videos can be slow to play so they've all been uploaded to YouTube.
New layout and RSS, Facebook, and Twitter support
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Animated Engines
Animated Engines has a redesigned layout, which, I hope will make it easier
than ever to find what you're looking for. I've also added an RSS feed
along with Facebook and Twitter accounts, to make it easier to keep up
with future developments. Stay tuned; new engines are coming soon!
Technical edit on Low Temperature Differential Stirling Engine
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Animated Engines
Corrected a technical mistake on the Low TemperatureDifferential Stirling engine page.
Low Temperature Differential Stirling Engine
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Animated Engines
The Low Temperature Differential Stirling engine is new tothis release. I also made a small change to the control panel code tofix an issue with the Gnome illustration.
Control panels
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Animated Engines
For years, visitors have requested the ability to adjustthe animation speed, pause the motion, and examine the framesindividually. The new control panel enables you to do just that.
Diesel engine
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Animated Engines
This release includes the Diesel engine, and is the firstto contain advertising.
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