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Guest post: How the Greenland ice sheet fared in 2025
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Carbon Brief
Greenland is closing in on three decades of continuous annual ice loss, with 1995-96 being...
The post Guest post: How the Greenland ice sheet fared in 2025 appeared first on Carbon Brief.
Critical thinking for the unstoppable use of artificial intelligence
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Mapping Ignorance
Author: Martha R. Villabona works at Subdirección General de Cooperación Territorial e Innovación Educativa of the Spanish Ministry of Education and Vocational Training, where she coordinates the area of multiple literacies. The expansion of generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) such as that of
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Guest post: Why cities need more than just air conditioning for extreme heat
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Carbon Brief
Cities around the world are facing more frequent and intense bouts of extreme heat, leading...
The post Guest post: Why cities need more than just air conditioning for extreme heat appeared first on Carbon Brief.
Nautilus: A Living Fossil of the Deep
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Zoologyverse
The Nautilus, a majestic marine mollusk, is often revered as a “living fossil” for its remarkable survival through multiple mass extinctions over an evolutionary history spanning nearly 500 million years. It is the sole living genus of the subclass Nautiloidea, a lineage that once dominated the anci
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John Duns Scotus
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Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
[Revised entry by Thomas Williams on December 15, 2025.
Changes to: Main text, Bibliography]
John Duns Scotus (1263/66 - 1308) was one of the most important and influential philosopher-theologians of the High Middle Ages. His brilliantly complex and nuanced thought, which earned him the honorific
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Medicine and Biotechnology
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Our World In Data
Innovations in medicines and biotechnology have increased life expectancy and saved many lives. Explore how this happened, and how more progress can be made.
20th Century Theories of Scientific Explanation
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Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
[New Entry by James Woodward and Lauren Ross on December 12, 2025.]
[Editor's Note: The following entry replaces and is based on the former entry titled Scientific Explanation.] Issues concerning scientific explanation have been a focus of...
DeBriefed 12 December: EU under ‘pressure’; ‘Unusual warmth’ explained; Rise of climate boardgames
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Carbon Brief
Welcome to Carbon Brief’s DeBriefed. An essential guide to the week’s key developments relating to climate...
The post DeBriefed 12 December: EU under ‘pressure’; ‘Unusual warmth’ explained; Rise of climate boardgames appeared first on Carbon Brief.
‘Cali Fund’ aiming to raise billions for nature receives first donation – of just $1,000
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Carbon Brief
A major biodiversity fund – which could, in theory, generate billions of dollars annually for...
The post ‘Cali Fund’ aiming to raise billions for nature receives first donation – of just $1,000 appeared first on Carbon Brief.
China Briefing 11 December 2025: Winter record looms; Joint climate statement with France; How ‘mid-
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Carbon Brief
Welcome to Carbon Brief’s China Briefing. China Briefing handpicks and explains the most important climate...
The post China Briefing 11 December 2025: Winter record looms; Joint climate statement with France; How ‘mid-level bureaucrats’ help shape policy appeared first on Carbon Brief.
Antimicrobial peptides let ions through membranes without boring holes
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Mapping Ignorance
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are highly potent and broad-spectrum antibiotics, found as components of the innate immune system in almost all forms of life. AMPs are short proteins, tiny compared with conventional antibiotics but extraordinarily effective: they bind to and disrupt bacterial membrane
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The diversity conundrum: Why do oceans shelter fewer species than land?
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Mapping Ignorance
Authors: Guillem Chust, Head of Climate Change in Oceans and Coasts; Xabier Irigoien, IKERBASQUE Professor; and Naiara Rodríguez-Ezpeleta, Head of Molecular Ecology and Biotechnology at AZTI, Marine Research / Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA) Most nowadays existing animal groups o
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Dynamic diversity of astrocytes charted in new atlas
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Mapping Ignorance
When it comes to brain function, neurons get a lot of the glory. But healthy brains depend on the cooperation of many kinds of cells. The most abundant of the brain’s non-neuronal cells are astrocytes, star-shaped cells with a lot of responsibilities. Astrocytes help shape neural circuits, participa
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Korean Buddhism
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Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
[Revised entry by Lucy Hyekyung Jee on December 8, 2025.
Changes to: Main text, Bibliography]
Buddhism was introduced to the Korean Peninsula from China in the 4th century during the Korean Three Kingdoms period. It first arrived in Koguryŏ, a kingdom on the peninsula's northern end, and then reac
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Turning malignancy into normalcy: A computational path to cancer cell reversion
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Mapping Ignorance
Author: José R. Pineda got his Ph.D. from University of Barcelona in 2006. Since 2007 he has worked for Institut Curie and The French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission. Currently he is a researcher of the UPV/EHU. He investigates the role of stem cells in physiologic and pathologic c
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Mathematical Style
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Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
[Revised entry by Paolo Mancosu on December 8, 2025.
Changes to: Main text, Bibliography]
The essay begins with a taxonomy of the major contexts in which the notion of 'style' in mathematics has been appealed to since the early twentieth century. These include the use of the notion of style in com
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Arrow’s Theorem
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Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
[Revised entry by Michael Morreau on December 7, 2025.
Changes to: Main text, Bibliography]
Kenneth Arrow's "impossibility" theorem - the "general possibility" theorem, as he called it - answers a very basic question in the theory of collective decision-making. Say there are some alternatives to c
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Top of the Charts: our most popular work in 2025
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Our World In Data
A look back at the most popular charts, articles, data insights, and more from Our World in Data in 2025.
Top of the Charts: our most popular work in 2025
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Our World In Data
A look back at the most popular charts, articles, data insights, and more from Our World in Data in 2025.
Almost all of the world’s mammal biomass is humans and livestock
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Our World In Data
Humans and livestock make up 95% of the world’s mammal biomass; wild mammals are just 5%.
Geminid Meteor Shower – December 2025
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Dark Site Finder
2023 Geminids deep in the Beartooth Mountains of Montana Quick Facts The Geminid meteor shower is consistently the best one of the year. With a zenithal hourly rate (ZHR) of […]
Argonauta
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Zoologyverse
Introduction Argonauta, also known as the paper nautilus, is a fascinating genus of pelagic octopods belonging to the family Argonautidae. Often mistaken for the true nautilus (a shelled cephalopod), the Argonauta is unique for the intricate, delicate, paper-thin shell that the female secretes and u
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Generative Artificial Intelligence Tools Policy
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Project Euler
The technological world has changed beyond our wildest imaginations in recent years with the widespread access to generative artificial intelligence tools. Whereas this is mostly for the good, a small number of members have possibly been using it inadvertently in a manner that conflicts with the mis
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Just ten species make up almost half the weight of all wild mammals on Earth
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Our World In Data
A small number of species dominate the distribution of wild mammal biomass.
RotMG map seeds
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Red Blob Games
Unio
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Zoologyverse
Unio: Classification, Habitat, Morphology, Ecology, and Identification Unio is a genus of medium-sized, freshwater mussels belonging to the family Unionidae, commonly known as river mussels. These bivalve mollusks are widely distributed across Europe, Africa, and the Middle East, with some species i
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Mytilus
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Zoologyverse
Mytilus: Classification, Habitat, Anatomy, Ecology, and Identification The genus Mytilus encompasses medium to large saltwater mussels, renowned bivalve mollusks of the family Mytilidae and key ecological engineers of temperate marine coasts. These mussels are notable for forming dense beds along ro
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Limax
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Zoologyverse
Limax: Classification, Habitat, Anatomy, Ecology, and Identification Limax is a genus of large, air-breathing terrestrial slugs in the family Limacidae, best known for its most prominent species, Limax maximus, commonly called the leopard slug or great grey slug. Unlike most land mollusks, Limax spe
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Mapgen4's use of WebGL2
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Red Blob Games
Bear Cam Fan Art 2025 Contest Winners
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explore.org
We received incredible submissions for this year’s 2025 Fan Art Contest, and it was nearly impossible to choose just a few to feature. Below are some standout pieces selected by Explore staff that best reflect the contest’s three categories: Wildlife, Public Lands/Water, and Habitat. You can still v
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Mapgen4 river shader
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Red Blob Games
Mapgen4 renderer
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Red Blob Games
Harnessing ChatGPT hallucinations
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Red Blob Games
Gauss–Seidel visually explained
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Words and Buttons Online
An interactive demo of the Gauss-Seidel method for solving linear equation systems. When and why does it work? And why, when you flip the equations, it suddenly stop working? You can now play and see.
Fat Bear Campaign Poster Winners 2025
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explore.org
We’re thrilled to announce the top 20 winners of the 2025 Fat Bear Campaign Poster Contest! This year brought in more submissions than ever before, and the creativity, humor, and artistry of every entry blew us away. Thank you to everyone who participated and shared their vision for celebrating the
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Private Status and Opting Out
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Project Euler
Members have always had the option of making their accounts private, which means they will not appear in any public ranked tables, including the fastest solver tables. However, we have now provided an option which allows members to maintain public status, but opt out of individual fastest solver tab
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MathJax Changes
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Project Euler
The guide to formatting posts has always asked members to use single dollar for inline TeX content and double dollar for block level, but some alternatives were previously supported. For example, it was possible to use \[ and \] delimiters for block level and you were able to add TeX to the page dir
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Nuclear Reactor Consumer Labels
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What is Nuclear?
We should collect and display reactor data in 'Nutrition Facts' format to improve accuracy, standardization, and clarity
BBCode Update 2025
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Project Euler
Over the years the BBCode module used in the problem threads has continued to be modified and have additional tags added. So, to ensure a more streamlined performance, the entire module has been rewritten. Every attempt has been made to support both recent and legacy posts and I have tried my best t
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Perseid Meteor Shower – August 2025
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Dark Site Finder
Quick Facts The Perseids are one of the most beloved annual astronomical events. In absolute meteor numbers, they come in 2nd place. But the time of year is what gives […]
Delta Aquariid Meteor Shower – July 2025
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Dark Site Finder
Quick Facts The beginning of summer is marked by an absence of meteor showers. But finally, more than 2.5 months after the last one, the Delta Aquariids break the lull. […]
Peak Ages of Productivity for Authors, Painters, Musicians & Scientists
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Information is Beautiful
Using number of books, paintings, albums and papers released by practitioners at each age. Interesting research from Miller (1999) and Kanazawa (2003)
Why learn about the golden-section search
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Words and Buttons Online
An interactive demo of bisection search and golden ratio search algorithms. There is also a motivation to learn them both. Spoiler alert! One converges better, and the other has a better computational cost.
About the Neutronics Scoping Tool
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What is Nuclear?
A description of the capabilities and math behind the neutronics scoping tool.
Rickover’s Memo as a Dunning-Kruger Curve
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What is Nuclear?
The Rickover memo can be depicted as a Dunning-Kruger effect
Information is Beautiful LIVE: London 30th June
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Information is Beautiful
Still a chance to join us for a dazzlingly different night out in London on Monday 30th June with Information is Beautiful founder, David McCandless. Using the data, graphics and stories at the heart of IIB, David will take audiences on a data-driven tour of the universe, sharing the funniest, most
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Information is Beautiful Awards: Winners!
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Information is Beautiful
We’re thrilled to unveil the winners of this year’s Information is Beautiful Awards. Chosen by a panel of expert judges from nearly 1,000 entries, these visualisations and infographic works stand out for their mastery of beauty, storytelling, impact and innovation. Many thanks to the Data Visualizat
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Making Data into Art – a microfilm with David McCandless
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Information is Beautiful
Here’s a short video we made with Microsoft a few years back, starring Information is Beautiful founder, David McCandless. He shares his process and passion for creating beautiful, useful, insightful, dare we say – delightful graphics. » watch the clip Learn more about our process & work & beautiful
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Common Mythconceptions – World’s Most Contagious Falsehoods
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Information is Beautiful
We’ve updated our charticle debunking the world’s most contagious and enduring falsehoods, myths and misperceptions. » See the interactive » All the data and sources
Summer Break
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Project Euler
The last problem of this academic year will be published on Saturday Aug 02 at 16:00 (UTC). The first problem of the new academic year will be published on Saturday August 30 at 19:00 (UTC).(Friday 06 June 2025: Summer Break)
A Sisterly Bond
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explore.org
By Mike Fitz Mother bears experience extraordinary energetic demands to feed their ravenous cubs. Bear families navigate a gauntlet of threats to remain safe. Cubs experience a short apprenticeship with their mothers, and they must absorb her lessons if they are to survive life as independent bears.
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Regulatory Reforms the Nuclear Industry wants
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What is Nuclear?
I surveyed lots of people in the nuclear industry and made a list of reforms that most people agreed on
The story of the TOPAZ-II space reactors
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What is Nuclear?
In the early 90s, the US bought 6 exotic TOPAZ-II space reactors from the USSR. Many interesting things happened next.
Explore.org’s Earth Day Spectacular
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explore.org
Earth Day is an annual celebration that drives environmental awareness and action. How can we support the planet and its incredible wildlife in our everyday lives? Join us tomorrow, April 22nd at 1 p.m. ET / 10 a.m. PT for a special Earth Day livestream hosted by resident naturalist Mike Fitz and Al
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Eta Aquariid Meteor Shower – May 2026
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Dark Site Finder
Quick Facts If you live in the Southern Hemisphere you may feel left out because most meteor showers are more favorably placed for northerners. But the Eta Aquariids are for […]
Lyrid Meteor Shower – April 2026
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Dark Site Finder
Preview in new tab Quick Facts After a drought of more than 3.5 months, the second meteor shower of the year is finally here. Nights have gotten shorter, but not […]
Moon
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Moon – Bartosz Ciechanowski
In the vastness of empty space surrounding Earth, the Moon is our closest celestial neighbor.
Its face, periodically filled with light and devoured by darkness, has an ever-changing, but dependable presence in our skies.
In this article, we’ll learn about the Moon and its path around our planet, but
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The 21st EBP meeting and a LIFE EBP Reinforcement workshop bring together 36 participants from 18 co
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Euro Bird Portal
One of the objectives of the LIFE EBP Reinforcement project
is to increase the quantity and quality of bird observations from SE Europe,
therefore, we took this opportunity to set up a regular EBP meeting in the core
area, in Podgorica, Montenegro. The meeting lasted for three days, from 28 till
30
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Fat Bear Week Campaign Poster Winners: 2024
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explore.org
Introducing the top-voted posters of 2024! Vote for 128 Grazer! Round and fluff, can’t get enough!! by Top Bear Fan 2. Team Grazer!! by Tara Larson 3. Big Belly, Big Fun! Bead’s the cub for everyone!! by Nick Bear 4. Vote 32 Chunk for FBW, by Erica Measday 5. The Brother Bear want you to
The EBP viewer will not be updated for some time due to major ongoing changes in the system
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Euro Bird Portal
Over the next few months, we will be making major changes to
the EBP central database and automated data flow infrastructure. Unfortunately, this work will temporarily interrupt the
regular updating of the maps and graphics displayed in the EBP viewer, however,
it is entirely necessary to improve an
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A smooth and sharp image interpolation you probably haven't heard of
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Words and Buttons Online
An image interpolation that gives us a continuous and smooth image, where every interpolated value only depends on the four neighboring pixel values. The image becomes smooth, but sharp features remain sharp.
The Real C++ Killers (Not You, Rust)
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Words and Buttons Online
All the “C++ killers”, even these which I wholeheartedly love and respect like Rust, Julia, and D, help you write more features with fewer bugs, but they don't much help when you need to squeeze the very last FLOPS from the hardware you rent. As such, they don’t have a competitive advantage over C++
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Rational interpolation
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Words and Buttons Online
Rational interpolation is a step forward from polynomial interpolation towards rational splines. With rational interpolation, you can build functions that run through a set of points and also have vertical asymptotes whenever you want. With this capability, you can now model functions like logarithm
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Airfoil
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Moon – Bartosz Ciechanowski
The dream of soaring in the sky like a bird has captivated the human mind for ages. Although many failed, some eventually succeeded in achieving that goal. These days we take air transportation for granted, but the physics of flight can still be puzzling.
In this article we’ll investigate what makes
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Understanding Convolutions on Graphs
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Distill
Understanding the building blocks and design choices of graph neural networks.
A Gentle Introduction to Graph Neural Networks
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Distill
What components are needed for building learning algorithms that leverage the structure and properties of graphs?
Distill Hiatus
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Distill
After five years, Distill will be taking a break.
Adversarial Reprogramming of Neural Cellular Automata
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Distill
Reprogramming Neural CA to exhibit novel behaviour, using adversarial attacks.
Weight Banding
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Distill
Weights in the final layer of common visual models appear as horizontal bands. We investigate how and why.
Celebrating World Migratory Bird Day 2019
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Euro Bird Portal
Today is World Migratory Bird Day 2019! A perfect moment to to have a look at the migration patterns of 105 different bird species or follow Swallows, Cuckoos or your favourite bird as they undertake their amazing journeys through Europe at the LIVE EBP viewer. This year, the emphasis for World Mig
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EURING and EBP have signed an agreement of collaboration
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Euro Bird Portal
Today, in the framework of BirdNumbers2019, EURING and EBP have signed an agreement to promote co-operation in areas of common interest. EURING co-ordinates bird ringing throughout Europe in order to study bird migration, movements and population dynamics at a European scale. Ringing and recovery da
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Second Birthday
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Megaprocessor
Machine is now 2 and still running !
Guiness world record.
Recommissioning goes well
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Megaprocessor
We've moved the machine. It's up and running, The end is nigh !
The Megaprocessor is moving to a museum.
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Megaprocessor
The Megaprocessor will be moving to the "Centre for Computing History" in a few weeks time.
Open Days, reliability, ....
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Megaprocessor
Next open day is 10 Sep.
Starting to get a feel for reliability
Looking at web traffic
Megaprocessor now on YouTube
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Megaprocessor
Several people have remarked that the videos can be slow to play so they've all been uploaded to YouTube.
New layout and RSS, Facebook, and Twitter support
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Animated Engines
Animated Engines has a redesigned layout, which, I hope will make it easier
than ever to find what you're looking for. I've also added an RSS feed
along with Facebook and Twitter accounts, to make it easier to keep up
with future developments. Stay tuned; new engines are coming soon!
Technical edit on Low Temperature Differential Stirling Engine
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Animated Engines
Corrected a technical mistake on the Low TemperatureDifferential Stirling engine page.
Low Temperature Differential Stirling Engine
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Animated Engines
The Low Temperature Differential Stirling engine is new tothis release. I also made a small change to the control panel code tofix an issue with the Gnome illustration.
Control panels
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Animated Engines
For years, visitors have requested the ability to adjustthe animation speed, pause the motion, and examine the framesindividually. The new control panel enables you to do just that.
Diesel engine
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Animated Engines
This release includes the Diesel engine, and is the firstto contain advertising.
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